Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is a common skin condition that affects people of all ages and can cause significant discomfort. Contact dermatitis is a reaction to direct or indirect contact with various substances and can occur in different forms. It is most common to get contact dermatitis on the hands. Contact dermatitis is usually treated with cortisone and also needs to be lubricated regularly with emollients, at least 2 times a day.

What is contact dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis (or contact dermatitis) is a skin reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with certain substances. Contact dermatitis can be allergic or non-allergic. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when the skin reacts to a substance that the body has become hypersensitive to, such as nickel, which is often found in jewelry. Non-allergic contact dermatitis is caused by direct damage to the skin through prolonged or intense exposure to irritants, such as harsh detergents or fabric softeners.

Contact dermatitis is most common on the hands, but it can also occur on other parts of the body. Symptoms include redness, itching, swelling, and sometimes blisters or sores on the skin where contact has occurred. It is important to identify and avoid the substances that trigger the reaction to reduce discomfort.

Symptoms of contact dermatitis

Symptoms of contact dermatitis vary depending on the type and cause, but are usually limited to the area that came into contact with the irritant. In allergic contact dermatitis, symptoms usually develop 24-72 hours after exposure. The skin becomes red, inflamed, and itchy where it came into contact with the allergen. The skin may also become swollen and small blisters may form on the skin. The blisters may ooze and scab over when they rupture. As the skin heals, it may become dry and begin to peel.

In non-allergic contact dermatitis, symptoms may occur immediately after exposure. The skin becomes red and irritated where it came into contact with the irritating substance. It may also become very dry and begin to crack. Blistering of the skin may occur, but this is less common than in allergic contact dermatitis.

Common causes of contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis can be caused by a variety of substances.

Substances that can cause allergic contact dermatitis

• Nickel : A common metal found in jewelry, watches, and jeans buttons, among other things.
• Rubber : Chemicals found in rubber, especially latex, can cause contact dermatitis. Latex allergy can rarely lead to anaphylactic shock.
• Preservatives: For example, parabens, which are found in skin care products, cosmetics and some household products.
• Perfume: Perfume is found in everything from soaps and detergents to skin care and hygiene products.
• Rosin: Resin found in, for example, plasters, tape, glue, printed clothing and musical instruments (such as violin strings).

Substances that can cause non-allergic contact dermatitis

• Soaps: Especially those that are alkaline or contain aggressive surfactants.
• Water: Frequent and prolonged exposure to water, especially in combination with cleaning agents, can break down the skin's natural protective barrier.
• Strong acids and bases: Used in industrial cleaners, drain cleaners, and some household products.
• Solvents: For example, acetone, alcohol and thinner, which are often used in paint, varnish and cleaning products.

Treatment of contact dermatitis

Treatment for contact dermatitis is primarily about relieving symptoms and avoiding further contact with the substances that trigger the skin reaction. The first step is to identify and, as far as possible, avoid the specific triggers. This may mean changing certain products or materials that come into contact with the skin.

Mild to moderate itching and inflammation can often be managed with over-the-counter cortisone creams, which have an anti-inflammatory effect and help reduce redness and swelling. If over-the-counter medications don't help, a doctor can prescribe a stronger cortisone ointment.

To moisturize and protect your skin, you should also use emollient creams regularly. They help restore the skin's natural barrier and prevent dryness and cracking. In severe eczema, you may need to apply several times a day.

When should I seek medical attention?

If you suspect you have contact dermatitis and do not experience any improvement with over-the-counter products, or if your symptoms worsen, it is important to seek medical attention. This is especially true if you experience severe itching or pain, if the eczema spreads, or if the skin becomes infected, which may be noticeable by increased redness, warmth, swelling, or pus formation.

Call 911 immediately or go to the nearest emergency room if you or someone close to you shows signs of an acute allergic reaction that could indicate anaphylactic shock. Watch out for symptoms such as:

• breathing difficulties
• severe swelling of the face, lips, or throat
• drop in blood pressure and dizziness
• heart palpitations or chest pressure

Other possible causes

Red and itchy rashes on the skin can be caused by many different things, not just contact dermatitis. Sometimes an allergy can be the cause, for example to foods, animals, dust or pollen. These rashes often come on quickly after you have been in contact with something you cannot tolerate. It can also be another type of eczema , especially the type called atopic eczema. It is important to know why you get a rash in order to be able to treat it in the best way. Contact your healthcare provider if you are unsure or experience long-term discomfort.